254 OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH During the monitoring period, the individual is advised to carry on with their normal daily activities while carefully noting any symptoms and actions performed, so these can be accurately matched to the data recorded by the monitor. HOMEOSTASIS (See PHYSIOLOGY) HORMONES (See PHYSIOLOGY / Endocrine system) HOT PLATE TEST A commonly used test to evaluate thermal pain sensitivity in rodents. It is a simple and rapid method for detecting the analgesic properties of drugs in mice and rats. It is also used to study changes in pain sensitivity in response to experimental or genetic manipulations. HYDROGENATED -Fatty acids- / HYDROGENATED -Fats- (See LIPIDS / Concepts / Trans fatty acids / Biohydrogenation) HYDROGENATION (See LIPIDS / Concepts / Trans fatty acids / Biohydrogenation) HYDROLYSIS Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving water (H2O -H: hydrogen; O: oxygen-) and another molecule, which we will symbolically call AB. In the reaction, the water molecule breaks apart into H+ and OH-, while the AB molecule splits into A+ and B-. These fragments then recombine, resulting in the final products AOH and HB. Among the substances that can undergo this reaction are salts. The reaction of positive ions (cations -A+-) with water produces a weak base, while that of negative ions (anions -B--) results in a weak acid. Hydrolysis is a very important reaction, as water is the most abundant solvent. HYDROXYTYROSOL (See MINOR COMPOUNDS / Phenolic compounds / Simple phenols) HYPERCHOLESTERAEMIA Abnormally elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. HYPERGLYCAEMIA / HYPERGLYCEMIA (See DIABETES MELLITUS) HYPERPARATHYROIDISM Hyperparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid glands secrete excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH) into the bloodstream. There are four parathyroid glands, each about the size of a grain of rice, located on the back of the thyroid gland, in the lower part of the neck. PTH helps regulate the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in the blood and bones. When one or more of these glands become enlarged, they may produce too much PTH, leading to hyperparathyroidism. The most common cause is a benign tumour of the parathyroid gland (parathyroid adenoma).
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