250 OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH FIBROSIS Fibrous connective tissue is normally present in organs, where it binds and separates other tissues. When it develops excessively in an organ or tissue, the condition is called fibrosis. Although it can result from a variety of diseases, most often it represents a normal scarring response to an injury or surgical wound. FIQ SCORE (See FIBROMYALGIA) FIRMICUTES (See MICROBIOTA) FISTULA A fistula is a pathological tract, either congenital or acquired, that connects a normal or pathological body cavity with the exterior or with another cavity. For example, an abnormal connection between the oesophagus and trachea, or between the bowel and vagina. Fistulas may also form between two blood vessels, such as an artery and a vein, or between two arteries. They are generally the result of injury or complications following surgery. Infections or inflammation can also lead to the formation of a fistula. Fistulas are common in people with Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease. FLAVONOIDS (See MINOR COMPOUNDS / Phenolic compounds) FOLATES Folate is a B-group vitamin (Vitamin B9) that occurs naturally in many foods and is necessary for the production of genetic material and for cell division. This nutrient is essential during pregnancy to reduce the risk of birth defects affecting the brain and spinal cord. Folate-rich foods include liver, leafy green vegetables, fruit (oranges, lemons, bananas, melons, strawberries), and nuts (walnuts). Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate. (See also “B Vitamins / B9” and “Neural tube”) FORMALIN TEST An important animal model used to study and quantify acute and persistent pain. The test typically involves the subcutaneous injection of a noxious substance (a 3% formalin -formaldehyde- solution) into the plantar surface of the right hind paw of a mouse. FREE FATTY ACID/S (See LIPIDS / Concepts / Fatty acids). FREE RADICALS (See OXIDATIVE STRESS) “FROM FARM TO FORK” STRATEGY (See POLICIES AND STRATEGIES)
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