251 Virgin Olive Oil Benefits FUNCTIONAL FOOD Functional foods are generally defined as foods consumed as part of a normal diet that, beyond satisfying basic nutritional needs, provide health benefits and help reduce the risk of chronic diseases. A universally accepted definition is still lacking. However, organizations such as the “International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI)” consider that functional foods may be either natural or modified. In the latter case, they may have undergone transformations through the addition, substitution, elimination, concentration, or modification of components, or changes in their bioavailability. Like all foods, they must comply with regulations on hygiene and food safety, but they are not yet clearly regulated under a specific legal framework. FUTURE NUTRITION (See PRECISION NUTRITION) gamma-2 RECEPTOR(See PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS / PPAGRG2) GENE / GENES Genes are units of genetic information storage. Segments of DNA that contain instructions for how the body’s cells should function. They carry the precise information needed to synthesise proteins, and include specific sites that signal where this synthesis begins. The human genome comprises approximately 3,000 million nucleotide bases (adenine -A-, thymine -T-, guanine -G-, and cytosine -C-) which pair specifically as A–T and C–G. The sequence of these bases in the DNA forms a specific genetic code that determines hereditary information. DNA, which contains the genes, is located within the chromosomes in the cell nucleus. Each cell in the body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, one set inherited from the father, and the other from the mother, and thus holds two complete copies of the genetic information. Cell Chomosome Gene DNA DNA O+ O O O P O OH O O P H3C O A T O OH CH2 O OH O O P H3C O G C O OH CH2 O OH O O P H3C O O OH CH2 O OH O O P H3C O G C O OH CH2 O+ O O O P O+ O O O P O+ O O O P OH A T GEOMETRY trans(See LIPIDS / Concepts / Trans fatty acids / trans configuration) GESTATIONAL DIABETES(See DIABETES MELLITUS)
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