OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH 194 Figure 16.3 - PREDIMED-BARCELONA trial design Source: Valls-Pedret C, Sala-Vila A, Serra-Mir M, Corella D, de la Torre R, Martínez-González MÁ, et al. Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175(7):1094-1103. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1668. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med 2018;178(12):1731-1732. EVOO: Extra virgin olive oil. nuts groups had the best global cognitive performance (Figure 16.1). A more profound cognitive evaluation in 285 PREDIMED-Navarra participants confirmed that those randomised to the Mediterranean diet supplemented with EVOO group had a better cognitive performance than those in the control group in all cognitive domains and were significantly better in tasks related to memory and verbal fluency. Moreover, in this group there were significantly fewer individuals with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment when compared with the control group (Figure 16.2). Thereafter, researchers from the Barcelona group of PREDIMED (PREDIMED-Barcelona) evaluated the cognitive performance of 447 participants. Verbal memory was best preserved in participants with a high EVOO consumption. After a 4-year follow-up, 334 participants agreed to perform a second cognitive performance evaluation (Figure 16.3). Results showed lower levels of global cognitive decline and memory loss in participants consuming a Mediterranean diet supplemented with EVOO or nuts. Mediterranean diet +EVOO Low-fat diet (control group) Mediterranean diet +nuts 4.1 year follow-up Rando- misation 4.1 year follow-up 4.1 year follow-up Cognitive assessment battery Cognitive assessment battery Cognitive assessment battery Cognitive assessment battery Cognitive assessment battery Cognitive assessment battery Global improvement Memory improvement and less global decline than controls Global decline Memory losses As a conclusion, results from prospective observational studies have demonstrated less cognitive decline in individuals with a high olive oil consumption. These results have been confirmed at a high level of scientific evidence in the PREDIMED randomised intervention trial, where the protective effect of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with EVOO on cognitive performance was observed.
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