47 Virgin Olive Oil Benefits Trans fatty acids are unsaturated fatty acids with at least one double bond in trans configuration. The trans fatty acids we ingest come mostly from partially hydrogenated industrial fats obtained by using high temperatures and pressures, as well as metal catalysts. These products can subsequently be used in the manufacture of biscuits, snacks, margarine, pastries, pizza dough and the like. A small part can also be found naturally in dairy products (<2%). High intake of trans fatty acids is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease and death from heart disease. In Europe, consumption of these fatty acids is low and less than 2% of dietary energy. On April 1st 2021, the limitation of no more than 2% trans fatty acids from industrial origin into the fat composition in foods marketed within the European Union came into force. KEYWORDS: Cardiovascular disease, hydrogenated fats, milk fat, trans fatty acids ABBREVIATIONS AA: Arachidonic acid AESAN: Spanish Food Safety Authority (Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición)) DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid EFSA: European Food Safety Authority EU: European Union ISAAC: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood REPLACE: Acronym (Review, Promote, Legislate Assess, Create and Enforce) of a WHO action package for a strategic approach to eliminate industrially-produced fat from national food supplies USA: United States of America WHO: World Health Organization abstract
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