311 Virgin Olive Oil Benefits PERIPHERAL INSULIN RESISTANCE(See DIABETES MELLITUS / Insulin resistance) PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE A disease caused by damage to or obstruction of blood vessels (arteries and veins) located away from the heart. PEROXIDATION REACTIONS (See LIPIDS / Concepts / Oxidative damage) PEROXIDE INDEX (See LIPIDS / Concepts / Oxidative damage) PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that belong to a superfamily of intracellular receptors. PPARs regulate the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation and are also involved in fatty acid storage in various tissues. fatty acid (ligand) cell membrane cytoplasma nucleus PPAR DNA RNA TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION protein X PPAR Like other nuclear receptors, PPARs are activated upon binding to a specific signalling molecule (ligand), such as fatty acids. Once activated, the ligand-receptor complex binds to DNA and initiates a process that ultimately leads to the synthesis of a specific protein. One member of this receptor family is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ or PPARG). PPARG is a key regulator of fatty acid and glucose metabolism, adipocyte (fat cell) differentiation, and inflammatory processes. There are two isoforms of PPARG: PPARG1 and PPARG2. PPARG1 is ubiquitously expressed, whereas PPARG2 is mainly found in fat tissue (adipose tissue). See also “Signalling”) ===========
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