243 Virgin Olive Oil Benefits DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID - DHA- (See LIPIDS /Unsaturated lipids / ω-3 polyunsaturated lipids) DOUBLE BLIND (See EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY/IES) DOUBLE BOND/S (See LIPIDS / Concepts / Fatty acids) DYSBIOSIS (See MICROBIOTA) DYSLIPIDAEMIA A disorder of blood lipid levels characterised by increased concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol, and reduced levels of HDL-cholesterol. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES (See EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY/IES) EICOSANOIDS Group of lipid compounds resulting from the oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (all with 20 carbon atoms) of the omega-3 and omega-6 types (e.g. arachidonic acid). Eicosanoids and their precursors are widely distributed in the animal kingdom and also found in various plants. Arachidonic acid (C20:4), an omega-6 fatty acid, is the most abundant precursor of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are essential to life and exhibit a broad range of biological activities. They act as mediators in the central nervous system, are involved in complex cell-to-cell communication and intracellular regulation, and play a key role in inflammation, immune responses, and pain signalling. They also have numerous important pharmacological applications. The three main types of eicosanoids are prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. - prostaglandins Eicosanoids with a wide range of actions. They affect and act on various systems in the body, including the nervous system, smooth muscle, circulatory system, and reproductive system. They also play an important role in regulating blood pressure, blood coagulation, inflammatory responses, and digestive activity. - thromboxanes Eicosanoids whose main biological function is to participate in haemostasis, i.e. in blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. They also have a strong bronchoconstrictive effect in the lungs. - cyclooxygenase An enzyme responsible for the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes through the oxidation of arachidonic acid.
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