242 OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH haemoglobin and urinary albumin excretion (known as microalbuminuria). Haemoglobin A (Hb α2ß2) is the most common type in adults (>95%). One of its derivatives is glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), formed by the irreversible binding of glucose to the β-chain of the haemoglobin molecule. Glycated haemoglobin is defined as the percentage of haemoglobin that is bound to glucose, and this percentage increases as blood glucose levels rise. In general, a value below 6.5% is considered within the normal range. HbA1c levels rise when diabetes is poorly controlled and return to normal when blood sugar levels are properly managed. Measuring HbA1c offers a better estimate than a single glucose test of average blood sugar levels over the previous one to two months. On the other hand, measuring microalbuminuria (persistent urinary excretion of small amounts of albumin) is also essential for detecting diabetic complications. It is an early marker of diabetic kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) and is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. DIACYLGLYCERIDE/S or DIGLYCERIDE/S (See LIPIDS / Concepts / Glycerides) DIAPHYSEAL (See BONE) DIAPHYSIS (See BONE) DICLOFENAC Diclofenac sodium is a medicine used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). DIETETIC INTERVENTION (See EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY/IES / Intervention trials) DIETHYLSTILBESTROL (See PHYSIOLOGY / Endocrine system / Hormones) DIFFERENTIATED (See in CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION) DIGLYCERIDE/S or DIACYLGLYCERIDE/S (See LIPIDS / Concepts / Glycerides / Diacylglycerides) DIHYDROXYPHENYLACETIC ACID Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is the most important metabolite of dopamine. Dopamine is one of the many neurotransmitters used by neurons in a wide variety of animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates, to communicate with each other.
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