232 OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH BONE RESORPTION (See BONE) BRAIN ATTACK (See BONE) BRONCHIOLITIS If we imagine the respiratory system as a tree, the trunk would correspond to the trachea, the thicker branches to the bronchi, and the furthest and finest branches to the bronchioles. Bronchiolitis is an acute infection of the smallest airways (bronchioles). It occurs in young children and accounts for around 18% of all paediatric hospitalisations. It is usually caused by viruses, including the influenza virus. The infection causes inflammation and mucus buildup in the bronchioles, which can lead to breathing difficulties. It is more common during the winter months. Most children recover well with treatment and home care. It differs from bronchitis, which affects the larger airways (the bronchi), can be triggered by causes other than viruses, and may occur in both children and adults. BUTYRIC ACID (See LIPIDS / Saturated lipids) CALORIC INTAKE (See METABOLISM) CALORIC RESTRICTION Caloric restriction involves limiting energy intake without causing malnutrition. It is based on an adequate and balanced intake of nutrients and sufficient hydration to meet the body’s basic biochemical needs. Its goal is to improve health and delay the ageing process. Caloric restriction has been shown to reduce cholesterol, fasting glucose levels, blood pressure, and the risk of cancer. CAMPESTEROL (See MINOR COMPONENTS / Triterpenoids / Phytosterols) CANCER INCIDENCE The incidence of a disease refers to the number of new cases occurring in a specific population over a given period, usually one year. Along with mortality, it is a commonly used indicator in cancer registries. Cancer incidence in a geographically defined population is determined through population-based registries, whose main aim is to identify and record all incident (new) cases diagnosed among residents of that area. These registries are also essential for assessing survival at the population level and for determining prevalence (the total number of people with the disease). Among their various purposes, they are also vital for evaluating early diagnosis programmes. CANCER MORTALITY Cancer mortality refers to the number of deaths caused by cancer in a specific population during a defined period. It is usually expressed as the number of cancer-related deaths per year or per 100,000 people per year. CAPRIC ACID (See LIPIDS / Saturated lipids))
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