231 Virgin Olive Oil Benefits - osteoblasts Osteoblasts are bone cells responsible for synthesising the bone matrix. They are involved in bone development and growth and are the cells that form bone tissue before it becomes calcified. - osteocalcin Osteocalcin is a bone matrix protein involved in calcium binding during bone formation. It is synthesised by osteoblasts. - osteocites Osteocytes are mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts. Together with osteoblasts and osteoclasts, they maintain the bone matrix and are involved in bone formation and remodelling. They also regulate cellular activities in bone tissue, including the exchange of nutrients and waste products. - osteoclasts Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone degradation, resorption, and remodelling. They break down bone matrix and remove degradation products, among others. - procollagen type 1 N-propeptide Around 90% of the bone matrix synthesised by osteoblasts is composed of type I collagen, which is secreted in the form of procollagen. - resorption Resorption is the process by which a substance, such as tissue, is broken down and subsequently absorbed by the body. (see also bone resorption in this same section) - telopeptide C reticulate of type 1 collagen A biomarker of bone resorption. (see also bone resorption in this same section) - osteopenia and osteoporosis Osteopenia and osteoporosis (porous bones) are part of the same condition, with osteopenia representing a milder degree of bone health deterioration than osteoporosis. Therefore, the causes, risk factors, and general preventive measures are the same for both. In both cases, there is a loss of bone mass and mineralisation, leading to increased fragility and a higher risk of fractures. Changes that, as already noted, are more severe and the risk of fractures much greater in osteoporosis. Peak bone density is reached between the ages of 35 and 40 and is 25-35% lower in women than in men. This is due to the differing effectiveness of sex hormones in promoting bone formation. After this age, the loss of bone mass and density progresses slowly but steadily over the years, especially in women after menopause. General prevention focuses on healthy lifestyle habits: adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium, regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco use, and limiting excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption. There are several drugs available for the treatment of osteoporosis: some help reduce bone resorption, while others promote bone formation.
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