More healthy bacteria Figure 12.2: EVOO pofyphmols, t,ocopherols, and carotenoids Po/yphenols Pol:Jphenols, tocoplll!TO!s, and carotenoüls from EVOO stimulate the growth of beneficia! rnicroorganisms in the bowel. EVOO: Extra virgin olive oil numerous gene-diet interactions have been identified that influence how inclividuals respond to specific nutrients or clietary patterns. A compelling example involves the PPARG2 gene, whichencodes the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2, a nuclear receptor involved in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. A well-characterised po/ymorphism in this gene-PPARG2 Prol2Ala (rsl801282)- has been associated with differences in diabetes and obesity risk. In a randomised clinical trial conducted in Brazil, 149 adults with evere obesity (BMJ >35 kg/m2) were assigned to one of three 12-week clietary intervention groups: (l) upplementation with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), (2) a tradicional Brazilian diet (DieTBra), or (3) the DieTBra cliet plus EVOO. Outcomes included anthropometric measures, body composition, metabolic markers, phy ical activity, and clietary intake.
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