OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH 50 It should be noted firstly that the trans isomers profile differs totally between ruminant fat sources and industrial partially hydrogenated vegetal fats (Figure 2.3); and secondly, that none of the olive oils contain trans fatty acids. There is considerable variability in the current data for trans isomer consumption given that it depends to a large extent on the dietary habits of the country. In Spain, trans fatty acids intake is estimated to be less than 0.7% of total energy, whereas in more industrialised countries, such as the United States (USA) and Canada, it is considered to be greater than 2%. 1,7 3,3 9,7 17,3 21,7 20,3 14 9,7 5 3 2,3 0 5 10 15 20 25 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 0,3 0,3 1,5 8,8 5,5 60,5 4,1 4,4 5,2 2,9 5,5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 Ruminant animal fat POSITION ISOMERS 18:1 trans (%) Trans double bond position Vegetal fat partially hydrogenated POSITION ISOMERS 18:1 trans (%) Trans double bond position Figura 3 The content of trans fatty acids in foods is changing in the last years due to the to recent legislations by the Health Authorities aiming to reduce as much as possiblethe trans fatty acid content in food. From April 1st 2021, the EU did not allow any trans fatty acid content in food other than that naturally present.This is established due to the EU Commission Regulation 2019/649 from April 24th 2019 stated that “A maximum limit of trans fat, other than trans fat naturally occurring in fat of animal origin, in food which is intended for the final consumer and food intended for supply to retail, of 2 grams per 100 grams of fat”. This statement followed the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) indication recommending the lowest possible trans fatty acid intake within the context of a healthy diet. In this regard, in 2018 the World Health Organisation (WHO) had already asked for trans fat elimination in industrially produced food. Below is listed the content of trans fatty acids in Spain from ten most consumed foods that used to contain important amount of trans fatty acids. This trans fatty acid content, which is higher in other countries, has been reduced following the Figure 2.3. Trans isomer profile in fat from animal origin versus a partially hydrogenated vegetal one obtained through the traditional hydrogenation procedure. 18:1 trans: elaidic acid.
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