::e c:c L.&.I ::e CI z c:c V, ....1 o L.&.I :::: :::::¡ o UVAOL (See MINOR COMPOUNDS / Triterpenoids / Pentacyclic triterpenes) VACUOLES Organelles found in all eukaryotic plant cells (cells with a nucleus), in sorne animal cells, and in certain prokaryotic microorganisms (cells without a nucleus). They are enclosed compartments within the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane, and formed by the fusion of smaller vesicles. Their function is to store substances for various cellular purposes. Olive oil extraction essentially involves breaking the cells of the olive pulp (mesocarp) to release the oil, which is mainly stored in the vacuoles, and separating the oily phase from the other components of the fruit (vegetation water and solids). epicarp mesocarp endocarp olive VASCULAR DEMENTIA olive mesocarp cell Va,scular dementia is a general term used to describe problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, memory, and other cognití,ve .functions (involving or related to knowledge) caused by brain damage due to reduced blood flow to the brain. VASCULAR ENDOTHEL/UM (See ENDOTHELIUM) VASCULAR HAEMOSTASIS (See HAEMOSTASIS) VASCULAR THROMBOS/S (See THROMBOSIS) VASOCONSTRICTION The process by which the lumen (inner space) of blood vessels becomes narrower due to the contraction of their muscular walls, parti ularly in medium-sized arteries and arterioles (arteries less than 100 rnicrometres in diameter). vVhen blood vessels constrict, blood circulation is reduced or even completely blocked. Vasoconstrictí,on can occur as a normal pfrysiowgi,cal response or as part of a pathological condition. Physiologically, it acts as an adaptive response to various situations: controlling bleeding by closing injured vessels to prevent blood loss; conserving body temperature in cold environments to avoid hypotherrnia; or responding to a drop in blood pressure, such as after prolonged standing or gett:ing up after lying down. Among the pathological causes is Raynaud's phenomenon, a relatively common circulatory disorder in wlúch cold temperatures, smoking, or emocional stress cause spasms or contractions in the arteries of the fingers and toes. Certain drugs, such as adrenaline, can also tiigger va,soconstricti.on. Va,soconstrictí,on i the opposite of va,sodilatí,on.
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