326 OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH STEROLS Naturally occurring lipid-based compounds that share a common four-ring structure known as cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene. They include cholesterol, phytosterols, vitamin D, and several hormones such as testosterone. STIGMASTEROL (See MINOR COMPOUNDS / Triterpenoids / Phytosterols) STROKE Sometimes referred to as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack, a stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or reduced, resulting in a lack of oxygen. There are three main types: Ischaemic stroke, caused by a blockage in an artery (the most common type); Haemorrhagic stroke, due to the rupture of a blood vessel and Transient ischaemic attack (TIA), a mild and temporary interruption of blood flow, sometimes called a “mini-stroke”. Stroke causes damage to brain tissue due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients when blood flow is disrupted. The most frequent cause is atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, in which plaques narrow or block the arteries that supply the brain. (See also “Arteriosclerosis”). SUBENDOTHELIUM (See ENDOTHELIUM) “SUCCESSFUL AGEING” INDEX (See AGEING) SUDDEN DEATH Death occurring due to cardiac arrest within the first hour from the onset of symptoms, or the unexpected and sudden death of an apparently healthy person who had shown no signs of illness during the previous 24 hours. SUPERINTENSIVE SYSTEMS (See PRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS) SURVIVAL CURVES (See EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2030 (See Agenda 2030 in POLICIES AND STRATEGIES) SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE (See INFLAMMATION) T LYMPHOCYTES (See IMMUNE SYSTEM) cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene cholesterol HO CH3 CH3 H3C CH3 CH3 testosterone O CH3 H3C OH vitamin D HO H2C H3C H H3C H H CH3 CH3
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