290 OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH MAILLARD REACTION A series of complex chemical reactions between certain sugars and proteins that occur when food is heated at high temperatures. This process causes browning and produces characteristic toasted flavours and aromas. However, potentially carcinogenic compounds such as acrylamide may also form. MALONDIALDEHYDE(See OXIDATIVE STRESS) MASLINIC -acid- (See MINOR COMPOUNDS/ Triterpenoids / Pentacyclic triterpenes) MCS-12(score) To assess the physical, mental, and social health status of individuals (whether healthy or affected by certain specific diseases) a 36-item questionnaire was developed, known as the SF-36. The SF-36 is a generic scale that provides a profile of overall health status and has proven useful for evaluating health-related quality of life. A shorter version of this questionnaire, called the SF-12 (12 items), was later created. Both versions assess physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health components. The MCS-12 is the measure of mental health derived from the SF-12 questionnaire. MEMBRANE/S A term used in this glossary primarily to refer to the membranes of cells in living organisms. The cell is the morphological and functional unit of all living beings. It consists of three main parts: the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. The cell membrane forms the outer boundary of the cell, enclosing and protecting it. Inside the cell are the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The cytoplasm is a fluid with a grainy appearance that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It contains organelles, small specialised structures with specific functions, such as the mitochondria (the organelles where energy is produced). Mitochondria also contain their own genetic material, distinct from that found in the nucleus. Most biochemical reactions and the synthesis of the majority of proteins take place in the cytoplasm. The nucleus is surrounded by its own membrane (the nuclear membrane) and houses the chromosomes, which contain the majority of the cell’s genetic material. The human body contains approximately 30 trillion cells. mitochondria nucleus nucleole cytoplasm ribosome cell membrane
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