288 OLIVE OILS AND HEALTH shown to slow or even reverse cancer growth. Migration studies further support the beneficial effects of omega-3 fats. For example, breast and other cancer incidence has been observed to increase in Japanese and Inuit (Eskimo) populations as they adopt a Western-style diet after relocating, marked by lower fish consumption (a source of omega-3) and increased omega-6 (ω-6) fat intake. As with other types of fats, it is important to recall that the benefits attributed to these lipids (fats) are often difficult to separate from the overall dietary pattern and lifestyle in which they are consumed. It is generally recommended that fats should not account for more than 25-30% of total caloric intake, and that polyunsaturated fats (omega-3 and omega-6 combined) should represent approximately 5% of this amount. Within that 5%, a healthy balance would be a ratio of 1 part omega-3 to 1 to 4 parts omega-6. In many Western diets, however, this balance is disrupted. These diets tend to be excessively rich in omega-6 (ω-6) lipids and low in omega-3 (ω-3), resulting in omega-6/omega-3 ratios as high as 10-20:1, well above the range considered optimal for maintaining good health. In many cases, omega-6 fatty acids act as antagonists to omega-3 fatty acids. - docosahexaenoic acid; docosahexaenoic; DHA A ω-3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbon atoms and 6 double bonds. Its synthesis, presence in foods, and potential health benefits are discussed in the general description of ω-3 polyunsaturated lipids in this section. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22H32O2) (C22:6 ω-3) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 3 - eicosapentaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic; EPA A ω-3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and 5 double bonds. Its synthesis, presence in foods, and potential health benefits are discussed in the general description of ω-3 polyunsaturated lipids in this section. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20H30O2) (C20:5 ω-3) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 3 HHHHHHHHHH HH HHHHHHHH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,,.o Hc-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c-c 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \OH H H H H H H HH P o ✓,; 1 HHHHHHHHHH HH HHHHHH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,,o Hc-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c=c-c-c-c-c 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \OH H H H H H HHH
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