235 Virgin Olive Oil Benefits associated with protection against certain diseases. However, studies using supplements have produced inconsistent results, and in some cases, even suggested harmful effects. One of the main applications of carotenoids is their use as natural food colourings. - carotenes Carotenes are non-oxygenated carotenoids. - lycopene Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment with a bright red colour. Although it is chemically a carotene, it has no vitamin A activity. It is found in red fruits and vegetables, especially tomatoes, as well as red carrots, red peppers, watermelons, and papayas, but not in strawberries or cherries. Some non-red vegetables, such as parsley, also contain lycopene. Lycopene has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential chemopreventive properties, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and certain types of cancer. Because of its non-toxicity and intense red colour, it is approved for use as a food colouring (registered as E160d). CELL CYCLE The cell cycle is the vital process a cell undergoes each time it divides to form two daughter cells. It consists of four phases: G1, S, G2 and M. During G1, the cell grows and produces components needed for the later phases. In the S phase (synthesis), it creates a complete copy of its DNA. In G2, the cell continues to grow and produces proteins and organelles required for the next step. Finally, in the M phase (mitosis), the cell divides while generating everything needed to complete the formation of two daughter cells. CELL or CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION or DIFFERENTIATION (See under CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION) CELL or CELLULAR DIVISION (See under CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION) CELL PROLIFERATION (See CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION) CELL SIGNALLING (See SIGNALLING) CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION CELL DIVISION; DIFFERENTIATED (various expressions used to refer to the same concepts) Cell proliferation, or division, is the process by which a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells. This leads to an exponential increase in the number of cells and is, therefore, a rapid mechanism of tissue growth.
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