Mediterranean diet Hepatlcfat 5% ... CDRisK ' 18months Lowfatdiet Hepatlc fat 16% CDRisK Figure 12.1 illustrates the significant reductions in hepatic fat and cardiovascul.ar disease (CD) risk associated with the Mediterranean diet compared to a Iow-fat diet. These findings highlight the role of diet composition in managing metabolic health. Adapted from: Gepner Y, Shelef I, Komy O, Cohen N, Schwarzfuchs D, Bril , Rein M, Serfaty D, Kenigsbuch S, Zelicha H, Yaskolka Meir A, Tene L, Bilitzky A, Tsaban G, Chassidim Y, Sarusy B, Ceglarek U, ThieryJ, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Stampfer MJ, Rudich A, Shai l. The beneficia! effects of Mediterranean diet over low-fat diet may be mediated by decrea ing hepatic fat content. J Hepatol 2019; 71:379-388. doi: 10.1016/jjhep.2019.04.013. 12.4. Olive oil, microbiota, and overweight/obesity The human gastrointestinal tract i home to trillions of microorganisms -collectively known as the microbiota-, which include bacteria, viru es, fungí, and protozoa. The term microbiome refers to the collective genetic material of these organisms. Often referred to as a "hidden organ ' the gut murobi.ota performs essential functions that affect metabolism, immunity, and overall health. v\ hile the human genome comprises approximately 23,000 genes, the gut microbi.ota harbors over 3 million genes, generating a vast array of bi.oactioe compounds that complement and influence host physi.o/,ogy. Murobwta composition is shaped by numerous factors, including host genetics, geography, lifestyle, and especially cliet. Among dietary components, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has emerged as a significant modulator of gut microbial diversity and function. � . ? .., -� -� �
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