:::z::: e[ L.1.1 :::z::: CI z: e[ en ..... = L.1.1 > ..... 11.1. What is metabolic syndrome? Metabolic syndrome is a clinical condition strongly related to the onset of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and ischaemic cardiomyopathy. It is defined by having three or more of the following traits (Figure 11.1): 1) waist cir umference greater than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women; 2) blood trig!Jcerides levels over l 50 mg/dL; 3) HDL chokst,erol levels under 40 mg/dL and 50 mg/dL for men and women, respectively; 4) systolic blood pressure higher than 130 millimetres of mercury (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure higher than 85 mm Hg, or to undergo antihypertensive pharmacological treatment; and 5) fasting blood glucose higher than 100 mg/dL. Figure 11.1 Meúibolic syndrome components. Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when three or more of the depicted traits are present. A diet enriched with virgin olive oil has the potential to improve these features. A diagnosi of metabolic syndrome implies being at risk for cardiovascular diseases and other chronic illnesses such a type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholicfatty liver di ease. To prevent or treat metabolic syndrome, an improvement in the patient' lifestyle is necessary, alongside with medication aimed to lower blood pressure, blood lipids, and glucose.
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